[WORK-REST CYCLE OF COSMONAUTS IN MISSIONS 22/23-39/40 OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION].

Analyzed were the results of in-flight monitoring of the work-rest cycle (WRC) of Russian crewmembers during 17 instances of the International space station crew rotation in the period of 2010-2014. Weakly crew health reports of the MCC-M medical group were reviewed as well as documented overworks, sleep shifts and consequent health complaints as testimonies of WRC intensity level. Hard work schedule characterized 69% of the flight weeks. The contributing factors were extravehicular activities, dock and undock operations with transport vehicles and redock operations with orbital modules, joint work with space shuttle crews, preparations for landing, off-nominal events, cargo transfer, procedures from the Task List and requested by the MCC-M. Facts stated by the analysis give grounds to believe that distribution of equally extra and planned works over days and weeks in 2013-2014 was more uniform as compared with 2010-2012. This seems to somewhat obviate "critical" workload levels on the days of particularly important operations.

[Results of operator's work during space flight (experiment "pilot") under different work-and-rest cycles].

The correlation between operator's job quality and crew work-rest cycle (WRC) aboard the International space station was studied. The experiment involved 10 Russian members of ISS missions 17-24 at the age of 35 to 51 yrs. Mission duration varied from 163 to 200 days, averaging 180 days. Each cosmonaut carried out several "pilot" test sessions. The number of sessions per mission ranged from 4 to 6. The procedure consisted of simulating manual operation of transport vehicle Soyuz on the stages of hang-up, berthing and docking with the ISS. Objective job quality parameters were accuracy of the Soyuz and ISS relative motion control and time for completion which actually characterized work rate. WRC intensity was judged by the data of monitoring at the Moscow Mission Control Center. The results lend support to the dependence of operator's efficiency on WRC. In operators aimed at the highest accuracy this dependence manifested itself in work rate parameters; work accuracy but not rate was more WRC-dependent in operators aimed at doing their job fast. In other words, WRC intensity impacted mostly those job qualities that operator considered to be of secondary importance.

[Topics of cosmonauts' work and rest management on board the International Space Station].

Intensity of the rest and work cycle (WRC) of the ISS cosmonauts was examined in terms of overplanning, as well as frequency of sleep shifting and incidence of crew overstrain evidenced from the weekly reports of MCC-M medical operators. Level of WRC intensity in the recent ISS missions was compared with the WRC chronicles of early missions made by three crewmembers including one cosmonaut, and subsequent missions by six crewmembers including 2 or 3 cosmonauts. Though weak, a trend toward a WRC reduction in the period of 2010-2011 was achieved through a more realistic task planning for an average cosmonaut.

[General condition evaluations by members of ISS missions 1 to 15].

Traditionally crew questioning about general wellbeing is a part of their psychic monitoring. Information provided during compasses at the Earth's request is included in the neuropsychic section of the weekly crew health report prepared by the medical support group at the Moscow Mission Control Center. Purpose of the work was to analyze the structure content of comments on well-being made by the members of ISS-1-15 crews as well as emotionality of these comments excited by heavy work-rest schedule and length of space duties. Most often well-being evaluations were positive varying within the range from non-committal "all right" and reserved "It's OK" to exaggerated "terrific" "great" "fine"and "perfect"which were more common to astronauts than cosmonauts. Cosmonauts' comments had the seal of personality It was recognized that the demanding work/rest schedule had little impact on the comments and that they did not change with time during 24-wk missions.

[Effect of unusual regimens of daily activity and sleep deprivation on the human functional state and work capacity]. / O vliianii neobychnykh rezhimov sutochnoi deiatel'nosti i lisheniia sna na funktsional'noe sostoianie i rabotosposobnost' cheloveka.

Physiological functions, work capacity and sleep characteristics of six healthy test subjects were studied for 30 days. The test subjects adhered to one of the three different regimens (1--sleep from 2.00 a.m. to 10.00 a.m., 2--sleep from 6.00 p.m. to 2.00 a.m., and 3--sleep from 10.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.) which were aggravated by 64 hr or 72 hr vigilance during the experiment. The studies demonstrated general and specific changes in physiological functions, work capacity and sleep closely associated with the fact how far work-rest cycles were shifted and how long they were applied. Prolonged vigilance caused similar changes in physiological functions, work capacity and sleep. The test subjects showed very poor tolerance to an alteration in the work-rest cycle combined with sleep deprivation.